Having worked in a glasses factory (glasses manufacturer) for more than 20 years, I can be said to be a senior glasses person. I deal with the accessory factories of glasses factories, such as acetate fiber material factories, hinge factories, lens factories, etc.; I deal with the designers, sales, masters and technical workers of the factory, and also deal with our foreign glasses brand customers. Glasses have long become a part of my life. Here I will talk to you about the relevant knowledge of glasses from the perspective of consumers, so that everyone can have a new understanding of glasses, and then you can match a pair of fashionable glasses that suits you. Friends who wear glasses are mostly highly educated people, but most of them know nothing about the glasses they wear every day. In fact, you only need to spend half an hour here, and you will know the basic knowledge of frames, lenses, and optometry. I wrote this article to popularize some basic knowledge of glasses.

 

A general overview of China's glasses manufacturing, quality, and distribution.

China is the world's largest eyewear producer and exporter, and 80% of the world's eyewear is produced in China. However, the designs and brands of high-end eyewear frames are mostly abroad, and most of the domestic eyewear factories are eyewear processing factories. In recent years, many eyewear companies have begun to pay attention to their own brands and have achieved good development.

 

China's eyewear factory owners are distributed in:

Jiangsu Danyang: mainly produces large batches and low-priced frames, which are exported abroad and also have a large number of sales in China

Zhejiang Wenzhou: Everyone will have an impression that their route is basically the same as Danyang, mainly producing medium and low-priced glasses, which are sold abroad and domestically.

Guangdong Shenzhen: Produces 80% of the world's high-quality glasses, and the price is much higher. Of course, Shenzhen is concentrated in Henggang. Because their costs are high and the prices are good, they use better materials and more advanced technical equipment. Therefore, it is the main production base of medium and high-quality glasses in the world. BESTSEA glasses factory is located in Henggang. Since its establishment in 2007, it has been focusing on the production of high-quality acetate glasses, metal glasses and titanium glasses, etc., and providing OEM and ODM services to mid-to-high-end glasses brands in Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries.

Glasses lenses: Most of China's major lens manufacturers are concentrated in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, while Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen are mainly some high-quality glasses manufacturers.

In addition to China, there are also some glasses manufacturers in Japan, Italy and France. However, most of these factories are small in scale and mainly provide glasses processing services for some high-end glasses brands abroad.

 

The material and quality of the glasses frame

In general, the materials of glasses frames are divided into two categories: metal and plastic.

Metals are divided into: titanium and ordinary metal materials. Titanium is divided into alloy titanium, pure titanium, ultra-thin and ultra-light B titanium. Metals are divided into stainless steel, white copper, copper and other materials. A pair of metal frames is often made of several different metal materials according to different structures. For example, in order to make the glasses have a certain elasticity, the bridge and temples of the glasses are mostly made of stainless steel;

 

Plastics are divided into: heavy acetate, thin TR materials, recently started ULTEAM materials, and other plastic products. Glasses made of acetate are the most popular type of glasses in recent years. acetate glasses have the advantages of rich colors, complex structures, and high matching with clothing, so they are loved by many people. The following is a pair of plate sunglasses.

In terms of materials and popularity, titanium glasses are the highest grade, followed by acetate glasses, metal glasses, plastic glasses, etc. Of course, some glasses made of natural materials, such as buffalo horn glasses and wooden glasses, are often called luxury goods among glasses because of their expensive materials and complex processes.

 

Titanium glasses. Titanium glasses have many advantages. First, they are lightweight, which is important for people who wear them for a long time, especially those who need to wear them all day. Then, titanium is corrosion-resistant and not easy to rust, which is suitable for people who sweat easily or live in humid environments. There is also anti-allergy, because some people may be allergic to metals, and titanium is generally safer. In addition, titanium has high strength, and the glasses frame will be more durable and not easy to deform, which may be helpful for those who are active or accidentally press the glasses. In terms of design, titanium is more flexible and can be made into more fashionable styles to satisfy users who pay attention to appearance. It may also be mentioned that titanium glasses have low maintenance costs, because they are durable and may be more cost-effective in the long run. Therefore, although the price of titanium glasses is relatively expensive due to the high cost of titanium materials and the complex process of titanium glasses, it is still cost-effective to buy titanium glasses from the above advantages of titanium glasses. Therefore, titanium glasses are also one of the most popular types of glasses.

 

However, different titanium frames are also very different, which can be summarized as follows:

1. The most expensive and best B titanium glasses at present have advantages such as ultra-thin, ultra-light, and good elasticity, but they are difficult to process and form, and require better equipment and a higher defective rate, so the cost is relatively the highest.

2. Pure titanium glasses frames usually appear in the form of thick frames and titanium columns. Pure titanium is relatively soft and easier to shape, which is more suitable for making titanium glasses frames with patterns. Pure titanium is much lighter than other metals.

3. The cheapest is alloy titanium. It is an alloy of titanium and other metals. Only the lower-end titanium glasses frames are made of titanium alloy.

Of course, a good pair of titanium glasses frames is not necessarily made of one material. Different materials will be selected according to the needs of design and structure. For example, the pattern of the wire and the temples will be made of pure titanium, which has a clearer and cleaner texture. When elasticity and strength are required, beta titanium materials are often used, and the most common parts are the bridge and temples of the glasses.

Below is a pair of high-end titanium glasses.

 

Acetate glasses and acetate sunglasses.

 Acetate glasses can be said to be the most popular type of glasses at present. Almost every luxury eyewear brand has an acetate glasses series. What are the advantages of acetate glasses? The advantages of acetate glasses include:

Strong sense of fashion, rich colors and diverse patterns, easy to match with various clothes.

Thick texture, bright surface, stable frame, heavy feeling when wearing, giving people a high-grade feeling.

Skin-friendly and comfortable, smooth and warm surface, not easy to irritate the skin. Acetate fiber is an environmentally friendly material.

Durable and resistant to deformation, acetate fiber material has good toughness and is not easy to loosen after long-term use. And it is easy to adjust, and can be adjusted to the most comfortable state according to your face shape.

No metal structure, acetate glasses can use one-piece molding design to avoid metal allergies.

The following is a pair of acetate sunglasses with a strong sense of luxury.

 

Metal glasses and metal sunglasses. 

Metal glasses are also one of the most popular types of glasses. Metal glasses are heavier than titanium glasses, and their strength and corrosion resistance are not as good as titanium glasses. The advantage is that they are much cheaper than titanium glasses. But why are metal glasses popular? The main reasons include:

Lightweight and durable: Compared with plastic glasses, plate glasses are made of metal materials (such as titanium alloy and stainless steel) with high strength and light weight, which are comfortable to wear and not easy to fatigue.

Exquisite design: It can create ultra-thin, minimalist or hollow shapes, suitable for business, leisure and other styles.

Strong plasticity: The temples and nose pads are easy to adjust to fit different face shapes and improve stability.

Corrosion resistance: The surface of metal glasses will be color-treated, such as electroplating or spraying. The electroplating process can also enhance the gloss and anti-allergic effect, so metal glasses are resistant to sweat oxidation. When making metal glasses, BESTSEA must pass a 78-hour sweat test.

Below is a pair of metal optical glasses.

 

Plastic glasses, including injection-molded glasses and TR glasses.

Injection-molded glasses. Made of injection-molded plastics, such as PC (polycarbonate), plastic steel or TR (memory plastic). These materials are melted and injected into the mold to cool and solidify, and have the characteristics of high dimensional stability and fast processing speed. Plastic glasses are relatively light and not easy to deform, but they are not heat-resistant, scratched, and have a short service life. In addition, the colors are not as rich as sheet glasses. In appearance, it is quite similar to sheet glasses, so how to distinguish them? Plastic frames are generally lighter, while sheet frames are heavier. By weighing the weight and touching the feel, you can preliminarily judge the material of the frame. Further observing the line traces, edge smoothness and other details of the frame, you can more accurately judge whether it is a plastic frame or a sheet frame. In terms of price, injection-molded glasses are also much cheaper.

 

TR90: This is a new material that has emerged in Korea this year. It is very light, soft, and harmless. It can be black or transparent. TR90 is the best in Korea. In many Korean dramas, those glasses that look very light are actually made of TR90. A lot of TR90 is also produced in China, and there have been great improvements in craftsmanship and materials. TR90 glasses are relatively low in cost, light, impact-resistant, and skin-friendly, but the disadvantage is that they are less stable and the color is relatively monotonous.

 

Buffalo horn glasses. 

horns are natural materials, mostly made of Indian buffalo horns, yellow cattle horns, Tibetan yak horns, etc. The texture and color of each pair of glasses are unique, similar to the experience of selecting jade, with artistic value and collection significance. Ox horn glasses have a unique texture. Because they are natural materials, they have no static electricity or allergic reactions when in contact with the skin, and are suitable for sensitive skin. They are relatively light and more suitable for long-term wear. The disadvantages are that they are relatively expensive and have high maintenance costs. They are afraid of high temperatures and falls, and are prone to brittle fractures in winter and cannot be repaired as before. Because they are natural materials, they are relatively hard and brittle. The curvature of the frame and the high precision of the temples are fixed at the factory and cannot be adjusted according to the face shape. In short, ox horn glasses are expensive due to the scarcity of materials, the unique texture of natural materials, and the complexity of the production process, and are considered a luxury among glasses. 

Below is a pair of horn sunglasses.

 

Bamboo and wood glasses. 

Bamboo and wood glasses use bamboo or wood as the main material, and the production process is complex, with hundreds of processes. The advantages of bamboo and wood glasses are environmental protection, lightness, beauty, and toughness and durability. But the disadvantages may include difficulty in processing and easy breakage. It is relatively hard and generally comfortable to wear. Bamboo and wood glasses have occupied a place in the high-end eyewear market with their environmental protection properties, natural aesthetics and technological innovation, especially for consumers who pursue individuality and sustainable living. However, their process complexity and durability limitations still need to be further optimized. In the future, through the composite materials such as bamboo and wood + carbon fiber and functional integration (such as smart accessories), bamboo and wood glasses are expected to expand to a wider range of application scenarios.

Below is a pair of wooden glasses.

 

Carbon fiber glasses.

 Carbon fiber glasses frames are a new type of glasses material that has appeared in recent years. Compared with traditional metal or plastic glasses frames, it has the advantage of being lighter, and it is also very strong, not easy to break or deform, and it also has a strong anti-oxidation effect. Due to its fine manufacturing process and high production process requirements, coupled with the high cost of the material itself, the price of carbon fiber glasses frames is generally high, which may be a bit expensive for ordinary consumers. The advantages and disadvantages of carbon fiber glasses frames are quite obvious. For consumers who choose carbon fiber glasses frames, they need to choose according to their own needs and preferences. If you focus on advantages such as lightness, durability, and anti-allergy, you can choose carbon fiber glasses frames; if you are sensitive to price, or are worried about fragility and deformation, choosing glasses frames made of other materials is also a good choice. 

Below is a pair of carbon fiber glasses.

 

Let's briefly talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the five most common materials for eyeglass frames:

1. Metal eyeglass frames. Metal eyeglass frames can be divided into three categories: copper alloy, nickel alloy and precious metal. Eyeglass frames made of these rare metals have better hardness, can withstand strong impact, and have better corrosion resistance than other materials. However, metal eyeglass frames have average texture, poor toughness and elasticity, and are more likely to slip when exposed to sweat.

2. Plate eyeglass frames. Plate is currently the most popular material for eyeglass frames and is also the most widely used material for eyeglass frames. Compared with other material eyeglass frames, it is not easily corroded by sweat and salt water, and is not easy to rust. It is the best corrosion-resistant material for eyeglass frames. Moreover, the polished plate has high gloss, is translucent, and has a soft texture, which is suitable for all skin types.

3. Plastic eyeglass frames. The biggest advantage of plastic eyeglass frames is that they have one of the best corrosion resistance. Moreover, its sun protection and environmental protection are also loved by many consumers, and the material is extremely light, which is generally lighter than ordinary plate eyeglass frames. The sports performance is also better, which allows you to experience a unique and relaxing experience. The price of plastic glasses is generally low, and the colors are relatively simple.

4. Titanium frames. Titanium is available in two types: pure titanium and mixed titanium. It is about 48% lighter than metal frames, and is more comfortable to wear without any signs of squeezing the skin. Titanium frames are hard, not easy to be scratched, and not easy to damage. They are the most durable glasses frame material. Moreover, they will not rust, have a good affinity with the skin, and will not cause any skin allergies.

5. TR90 glasses frames. TR90 is a high-tech material. The glasses frames made of it are half the weight of the plate, ultra-light and ultra-thin, and have strong weather resistance, high temperature resistance, and are not easy to deform or break. They are the most suitable glasses frame material for strenuous exercise. The disadvantage is that the style, structure, and color of TR90 glasses frames are relatively simple. 

 

How to identify a good pair of glasses and a bad pair of glasses. 

Everyone basically understands the advantages and disadvantages of glasses frames made of different materials and how to identify them. Maybe you are now concerned about how to identify the quality of a pair of glasses. This may be what everyone cares about most. Maybe you will say, don't be long-winded, just tell me how to identify the good and bad. Don't worry, you don't understand some basic engine principles and basic knowledge such as speed and impact. How do you identify a good car and why it is good? I will tell you how to identify the quality of glasses. In general, there are three main factors that determine the quality of glasses: material, process details, and shape.

 

Glasses material: We just talked about the material, you can refer to the above content. Now I will tell you about other aspects.

 

Glasses hinge: The hinge is like a person's joint, and its importance is self-evident. Although glasses are not high-tech products, details should still be taken seriously. Using high-quality hinges is like a person with strong and flexible joints. High-quality products generally use better hinges, such as Comotec in Italy and OBE hinges in Germany. Kanghua is a relatively good domestic company, and the various hinges produced by some hinge factories in Shenzhen are also of good quality. High-quality hinges are generally equipped with rubber screws. How to judge the quality of hinges, first from the appearance, second from the function. The appearance is smooth, without pitting, and the lines on the edges are neat, indicating that the craftsmanship is relatively good and the precision is high. The force is uniform when opening and closing, and it is smooth and without jamming. The service life of high-quality metal hinges is generally more than 10,000 times, while some inferior ones may become loose or have problems such as screws falling off after a period of use.

 

Glasses nose pads: The nose pads of metal glasses are generally installed separately, and there are transparent PVC, silicone, or titanium. The quality of nose pads is generally distinguished from several aspects such as comfort, stability and durability. Good nose pads are reasonably designed to adapt to different nose shapes and are comfortable to wear. For example, the teardrop nose pad is comfortable and can be adjusted up and down 20~40 degrees, and left and right 10~30 degrees to adapt to various nose shapes. At the same time, high-quality nose pads are stable and not easy to slide or fall off. Another is durability. Good nose pad materials are durable and not easy to age. For example, pure titanium nose pads can be used for many years and are not easy to age. In general, one is to look at the surface and workmanship details, and the other is to look at the function and comfort. In addition, the nose pads of plastic glasses and plate glasses are generally connected and mostly transparent. Comfort is one of the best evaluation methods.

 

Electroplating spraying: It refers to metal frames, which need to be electroplated with color and sprayed. The quality of this process also determines the quality of the frame. Appearance inspection is one of the most basic methods to evaluate the quality of the spraying process. The quality of the spraying quality can be judged by observing the flatness, glossiness, color of the sprayed surface and whether there are bubbles, cracks, peeling, pitting and other defects on the coating surface with the naked eye. Another is to look at the hardness. Use a hard object to scratch it slightly to see if there is any coating falling off or scars. Corrosion resistance is one of the important evaluation criteria for the quality of spraying process, but it is difficult for ordinary consumers to pass the naked eye test. Factories that produce high-quality glasses will pass some professional tests before leaving the factory. Salt spray test and sweat test are the two most common tests. High-quality frames must pass salt spray and sweat tests for at least 48 hours. Therefore, it is also important to choose a good brand of glasses when buying.

 

Glasses screws: There are usually 2 to 4 small screws for glasses, hinges and nose pads. If it is a mixed glasses frame, there will be more screws to connect and fix different parts. The quality of the screws can be judged by the surface, and the hinge screws also depend on the function. The screws with excellent craftsmanship have a flat and smooth surface and clear edge lines. The hinge screws also depend on the function, and the hinges are stable and smooth when opening and closing. Of course, if allowed, you can also take out the hinge screws to see if there is a rubber cover on the screw column, which is usually black rubber, to increase the stability and service life of the hinge. Excellent hinge screws can be used more than 10,000 times without any damage. Therefore, screws are also very important. Bad screws may even rust, affecting the appearance and health.

 

Silk screen printing or laser engraving: refers to the logo or data on the glasses, mainly including paint pad printing, laser engraving, hot stamping, UP stickers, etc. Now these processes are very mature and basically will not fade. The quality is mainly determined by the surface, whether the font is clear, whether there are burrs on the edges of the pattern and font, whether the surface is smooth, etc. For the paint pad printing process, if allowed, you can use your fingernails to gently scratch it to see if there are scars or discoloration.

 

Glasses lenses. At this time, it mainly refers to sun lenses, because the lenses of optical frames need to be replaced according to consumer needs. Sun lenses are one of the most important accessories for sunglasses. The materials of sun lenses are mainly CR39, nylon, PC, TR and other materials. The material and process costs of CR39 and nylon are relatively high, and the transparency is also the best. To judge the quality of sun lenses, one is to look at the surface, and the other is to look at the function. Check whether the surface of the lens is smooth, whether there are bumps, scratches or bubbles; observe whether the two lenses are symmetrical, and observe whether the surrounding straight lines are bent or swaying through the lenses; feel whether the temples and nose pads fit the face when wearing. Second, look at the function, and the ability to block ultraviolet rays is the key. The lens or packaging should have UV400, 100% UV protection, UV protection and other labels. These labels indicate that the lens can block more than 99% of ultraviolet rays. Sunglasses without these labels may not effectively block ultraviolet rays and may damage the eyes. For some sunglass lenses with color films, you can check whether they have anti-oil and waterproof effects. The simplest way is to draw lightly on them with an oil pen. If the oil-proof effect is good, it will be gone with a light wipe of the lens cloth. The waterproof effect is the same. Water dripped on it will automatically condense into water droplets, which will be gone with a light wipe.

 

About glasses lenses. 

After talking about the frames, it's time to talk about glasses lenses. Lenses are the most important part of the frames, and can be said to be the soul of glasses. Why say soul, because lenses are functional. Imagine if the frames were not invented, would you still have a pair of glasses if you used a pair of lenses with a rubber band and a stick? Lenses are important, I won't say much, and if you don't even understand the importance of lenses, it's useless to say more.

Main materials and characteristics of lenses.

1. Resin lenses. Lightweight (density about 1.32), impact-resistant, and affordable. The disadvantages are easy to scratch (need coating), low refractive index (1.50-1.74), suitable for ordinary degrees and daily wearers.

2. Glass lenses, high light transmittance (99%), high refractive index (up to 1.9), disadvantages are relatively heavy (density 2.54), fragile, poor safety, suitable for ultra-high degrees (need ultra-thin) and those who pursue clarity.

3. PC lenses, super impact resistance (space suit material), extremely light, the disadvantage is low Abbe number (obvious dispersion), easy to scratch, suitable for children and sports enthusiasts;

4. Tritan lenses, environmentally friendly, high temperature resistant, chemical corrosion resistant, the disadvantage is low popularity, high price, suitable for people who are sensitive to materials (such as allergic constitution).

 

Functional classification of lenses.

1. Basic functional lenses. There are mainly single vision lenses and progressive multifocal lenses. Single vision lenses are conventional corrections of myopia/hyperopia/astigmatism, suitable for people without special needs, while progressive multifocals can correct far, medium and near vision at the same time, commonly used by middle-aged and elderly people, usually used on reading glasses.

2. Protective lenses. Protective lenses include anti-blue light lenses, photochromic lenses, polarized lenses, etc. Anti-blue light lenses can filter harmful blue light from electronic screens and are suitable for use in front of computers. Photochromic lenses have the function of photosensitive color change, transparent indoors and sunglasses outdoors, suitable for people who frequently switch scenes. Polarized lenses can eliminate reflections from water and snow, and are the first choice for drivers and fishing enthusiasts.

 

Key points for lens parameter selection.

1. Refractive index. The higher the refractive index, the thinner the lens (e.g. 1.74 is about 30% thinner than 1.50), but the lower the Abbe number (dispersion coefficient), the lower the visual clarity. Reference selection: low degree (≤300 degrees): 1.50/1.56; medium degree (300-600 degrees): 1.60/1.67; high degree (≥600 degrees): 1.71/1.74;

2. Coating technology. Basic coatings mainly include anti-reflection, waterproof, and anti-oil. Upgraded functions generally include anti-static, reduced dust adsorption, enhanced wear resistance, and less prone to scratches during normal use.

3. Abbe number, that is, dispersion coefficient. The higher the value, the clearer the image (the Abbe number of resin lenses is about 30-40, and the glass lens can reach 55). It is recommended to balance the refractive index and Abbe 

 

number to avoid excessive pursuit of ultra-thinness leading to a decrease in visual quality.

Precautions for the use and maintenance of lenses.

1. Cleaning: After rinsing with clean water, wipe with a special lens cloth in the same direction to avoid scratching the coating.

2. Storage: Avoid high temperatures, such as car dashboards, especially sunglasses, where lenses are easily damaged at high temperatures. They should not be stored in a humid environment and should be placed in a lens box when not worn.

3. Lifespan: Most of the myopia lenses now use resin lenses. Resin lenses are recommended to be replaced every 2-3 years. If there are obvious scratches or the film layer falls off, they should be replaced in time, otherwise it will affect vision and even make myopia worse.

 

About Lens brand

There are many brands of lenses, both imported and domestic. Imported lenses include Zeiss, Essilor, etc. Their prices are relatively expensive, generally more than 500 or even 1,000 yuan. Domestic lenses mainly include Mingyue, Wanxin, and Hoya, etc. These brands of lenses are more economical and affordable. With the continuous improvement of lens technology, the quality is also very good now. So consumers only need to buy according to their needs and budget

 

How to judge the quality of lenses.

How to judge the quality of lenses? For ordinary consumers, it is difficult to judge the quality from a professional perspective. When consumers wear glasses, many people do not even look at the packaging, product name, date, etc. of the lenses, because they are all processed. It is recommended that you take a good look at the next time you wear glasses. It is best to check on the Internet to see the brand, where it is produced, whether it is anti-counterfeiting, etc. Although you say it is useless, it is also a bit of supervision to learn more, especially to let the store keep the packaging and anti-counterfeiting for you. If you wear a pair of glasses for 2 years, you don’t know where the lenses are produced, what the refractive index is, and what you know, but you only know how much you spent. This is a bit ridiculous! For an ordinary consumer, you can look at it from the following aspects:

1. Look at the surface: Check whether the surface is smooth and has no pitting. If conditions permit, you can use a simple magnifying glass to observe. High-quality lenses have a very smooth surface.

2. Look at the overall packaging: Let him show you the overall packaging of the lenses and feel it. Regular brands will have a relatively complete packaging.

3. Check the anti-counterfeiting mark: The anti-counterfeiting mark does not necessarily mean that it is a good thing, but take a look and grasp it.

4. Check the hardness: The surface of high-quality lenses should be relatively hard, and generally a strengthening layer will be added to make it less likely to be scratched or scratched during normal use.

5. Check the additional functions: Especially coated lenses, including coated sun lenses and myopia lenses with reflective films. You can refer to the above judgment of the waterproof and oil-proof functions of lenses.

 

Maintenance and care of lenses

1. The key to the use effect and life of lenses lies in maintenance and care. If the maintenance is good, ordinary lenses must be replaced every 2 years. If the maintenance is not good, it will affect vision in one year and should be replaced.

2. Cleaning: Pay attention to the cleaning method. It is unrealistic to clean with ultrasound every day, so just wash with water, but pay more attention to wiping. If you pass by a big store and have time, ask them to wash your glasses. They all use ultrasonic cleaning, which is more thorough and basically free.

3. Placement: It is best not to let the lenses touch hard objects. Place them on the side on the table. This principle is understood. If you don't use it for a long time, it is best to wipe it dry with a glasses cloth and store it in a special glasses case. 

 

Optometry knowledge

Optometry is to check the convergence of light after it enters the eyeball. It uses the state of emmetropia as the standard to measure the difference in convergence between the examined eye and the emmetropia eye. Since many people will almost always have a relationship with glasses in their lives, optometry is currently one of the most basic, most commonly used and important tasks for optometry workers. Therefore, in social life, both ophthalmologists and ordinary people are very familiar with the term optometry.

Optometry methods

Optometry mainly checks the deformation of the eyeball. Generally, there are two methods. One is to use instruments to check, which can preliminarily measure the deformation of the eyeball. The other is to use lenses for trial replacement, using a pair of glasses with interchangeable lenses to determine the degree of glasses that need to be replaced, so that a pair of suitable glasses can be matched. Large optical shops use the above two methods for optometry.

From another perspective, there are many methods of optometry. In terms of whether to let the eyeball adjust and be still, it can be divided into dilated pupil optometry and small pupil optometry; in terms of optometry methods, it can be divided into heterosthenia optometry and subjective optometry; in terms of optometry equipment, in addition to conventional equipment such as optometry lens boxes and retinoscopes, there are also computer optometry and comprehensive optometry. Computer optometry has been over-promoted, but through a large amount of data analysis, although computer optometry is the crystallization of high technology, it can only make a preliminary screening of the refractive state, and its results cannot be used as the standard of optometry.

The comprehensive optometry integrates multiple inspection functions. Since its birth in the early 20th century, it has been continuously improved and developed. It can not only check the spherical refraction, but also correctly find out the astigmatism degree and astigmatism axis. In addition, it can also make correct judgments on eye position, adjustment status, and binocular single vision function. Mastering and using comprehensive optometry is a key measure to improve the level of optometry.

The current optometry level in China varies. If the score is scored on a 5-point scale, 1 point is: subjective insertion method; 2 points: computer ophthalmometer + subjective insertion method; 3 points: computer ophthalmometer + external retinoscopy + subjective insertion method; 4 points: 3 points + binocular adjustment balance; 5 points: 4 points + eye position examination + binocular single vision function + adjustment status + refractive status + convergence function, etc., make a comprehensive judgment and give an optometry prescription. Among them, 1 to 3 points of optometry can be called conventional optometry, or primary optometry; 4 to 5 points can be called medical optometry. Medical optometry must use a comprehensive ophthalmometer. So why use a comprehensive ophthalmometer? As we all know, when a myopic patient wears a -3.00D corrective lens, the corrected visual acuity can reach 1.0. At this time, -3.25D, -3.50D, -3.75D and -4.00D, these 5 corrective lenses can make the corrected visual acuity reach 1.0. If conventional optometry is used, only one of the five corrective lenses can be selected as the optometry prescription, which is somewhat arbitrary. However, this is not the case in medical optometry. It depends on the test results of the examinee's eye position, accommodation, binocular single vision and convergence function. Only one fixed lens can be selected, and even -2.75D can be selected as the final optometry prescription. From this point of view, medical optometry and conventional optometry have different meanings and contents, as shown in Table 1. From a medical point of view, the purpose of wearing corrective glasses is not only to enable patients to see objects clearly, but also to make them comfortable to wear glasses, and to treat some possible eye diseases, such as visual fatigue, latent esotropia or latent exotropia, and medical optometry is the basis.

Therefore, it is best to go to the hospital for optometry: professional, neutral, remember, neutrality, no interest, is also important to you.

 

Notes on optometry

1. Children under 12 years old. Because of the strong regulation effect, if the optometry is not done with mydriasis, the error will be large.

2. For patients with myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism aged 12 to 40, in principle, the first optometry should be done with mydriasis. During the second optometry, if the degree does not change much, the optometry can be done with a small pupil and then added or subtracted according to the original degree.

3. Those with normal fundus and refractive media examinations but poor vision need to use mydriasis optometry to rule out refractive errors.

4. More complex refractive errors, such as high myopia, high hyperopia or high astigmatism, myopia or hyperopia combined with astigmatism.

5. Adolescents with unstable vision, whose vision is sometimes good and sometimes bad, are suspected of pseudomyopia. Once the pupils of such patients are dilated, the regulation effect disappears, and pseudomyopia is eliminated.

 

The importance of optometry

Optometry is an important step in fitting glasses, that is, it is a matter of 0 and 1. Without correct optometry, without professional optometry, if the optometry is wrong, it is useless to wear a frame worth 10,000 yuan and a lens worth 20,000 yuan---Popular. You must understand a basic truth: whether glasses are comfortable to wear or not, the quality of the lenses themselves only accounts for 1%, 90% depends on the level of the optometrist, and the other 9% depends on the skills of the optician.

You will say, I don’t have time, you will say, anyway, I feel comfortable wearing it with a casual optometry, maybe you met a good professional, but don’t forget that the adaptability of human organs is very high. Even if you are given an incorrect pair of glasses, you will adapt to it after wearing them for a month or a year. Therefore, you should change glasses and have an optometry once every 2 years. Please, for your eyes, choose a good optometry link! ! You can be careless about everything, but don’t be careless about your health, family, and friends!

 

Eye test, who should we trust?

To be honest, I am a little confused when writing this. It is difficult for ordinary consumers to distinguish which store's optometrists are good. Before, we ignored optometrists and didn't care whether they were men, women, young or old. We thought they could just operate the machine, but it was not the case. So we still recommend hospitals. After all, if you can work as an optometrist in the ophthalmology department of a hospital, you must have some professional background. If you were not farming at home yesterday and opening a small shop today, you would have an eye test. After all, ophthalmology deals with many kinds of eye conditions. You can also talk to the optometrist about your discomfort or condition. After all, they are knowledgeable and have seen many cases. Of course, there are still many responsible doctors in the world, very careful, patient, and professional doctors. If you can go to the hospital for an eye test, I personally feel more reliable!

Preparation before eye examination

Whether it is hospital eye examination or big store eye examination, there are some differences, but as a customer, you still need more knowledge and preparation before eye examination

1. When you go to the hospital to see the optometrist, you must know that you are here to get glasses for eye examination. If the doctor asks you to do mydriasis and intraocular pressure, then you have to think about whether you have some eye pain, etc., and whether you need a comprehensive examination, which will cost about 20 yuan more. If you think it is once every two years, it is not a bad idea to spend 20 yuan more for a comprehensive examination

2. If you feel that your eyes are fine and there is no other discomfort, you can just say: I just want to get glasses for examination. The data is: binocular degree, pupil distance, if there is astigmatism, astigmatism degree and wheelbase

3. If you go to a store for eye examination, it is best to go to a regular big store. You can tell him directly that your eyes are uncomfortable and you want to re-test your vision, but you don’t buy it. The store will also test you in detail, but may not give you the pupil distance. In fact, the pupil distance is very simple and you can measure it at home (a ruler is enough, and the doctor also measures it this way)

4. Before the eye test, it is best to do it in the morning, after a good rest, when the eyes are in normal condition, or before the test, relax and rest for a while. Some stores with good service are said to have prepared hot towels, etc. --- In short, let the eyes return to normal state, so that the vision can be accurate

5. When checking the eyes, don't be impatient or careless. Wear the lenses (inserts) of different degrees more often, walk a few steps, and choose the degree that you are most comfortable with. This is particularly important. Don't force yourself to accommodate a certain degree. You must wear more and see more

6. It will be better to learn more about optometry through the Internet.

In short, optometry is very important. Our experience is that hospitals are generally more professional, but there are also unscrupulous doctors in hospitals. The process and attitude of each place are also different. This is a fact, but more knowledge and comparison are beneficial for buying lenses and frames or eye tests!

 

Precautions for optometry in hospitals

1.Go to the hospital to test your vision, but you should also pay attention to a few points:

2.Ask the information desk when you enter the hospital: I want to get glasses and optometry, do I need to register, do I need to see a doctor, and can I go directly to the optometry room? Generally, hospitals have special optometry rooms, and you can just get a bill and pay there.

3.When you meet the optometrist, make it clear: I am here to get glasses and optometry, not to do a lot of other tests. In case the procedures of some hospitals are different and you are received by an ophthalmologist, you should also make it clear: I am here to get glasses and optometry, and I will not do other tests.

4.The doctor or optometrist will ask you: Is there anything wrong with your eyes? Of course, if you answer truthfully, the doctor will sometimes recommend you to do an intraocular pressure test or a dilated pupil. The intraocular pressure test is sometimes done when the eyes are swollen. Ask the cost clearly and then do the test according to your own situation.

 

About reading glasses

What are reading glasses? Presbyopia is caused by the gradual loss of elasticity of the eye lens with age, which reduces the eye's accommodation power and leads to the phenomenon of not having clear vision at close range.

Presbyopic patients feel that they cannot see clearly at close range and often push books far away to read. As presbyopia worsens, even if the book is taken far away, it cannot be seen clearly. If you force yourself to read or do close work, you will experience symptoms of visual fatigue such as eye fatigue, eye pain, blurred handwriting and even headache.

Presbyopia can be corrected with the help of convex lenses (reading glasses). When making reading glasses, the first consideration should be wearing comfort, rather than one-sided pursuit of near vision clarity. The glasses should take into account the user's close work habits, the refractive state of both eyes and the accommodation power; pay attention to leaving appropriate accommodation reserves to prevent visual fatigue. For patients with refractive errors, the degree of the lenses used to correct the refractive errors should be based on the actual situation of each person, and the presbyopic lenses that should be worn should be given.

Don't buy reading glasses on the roadside. Recently, my neighbor aunt found that she could not see the smaller handwriting clearly, so she bought a pair of reading glasses at a street stall. Since she wore reading glasses, she felt dizzy and nauseous every time she finished reading. After checking at major hospitals, she was fine. Later, she was advised to go to an ophthalmology hospital for examination and found that it was because there was something wrong with the reading glasses she bought on the roadside. After examination, the lens degrees of the left and right eyes of this pair of reading glasses were 50 degrees and 75 degrees greater than her actual presbyopia, respectively. In this regard, middle-aged and elderly people are also warned that they must have an eye test before wearing reading glasses.

Presbyopia is an aging phenomenon of the human body. The degree of presbyopia is related to the specific situation of each person, such as age, personal habits, physical fitness, etc. Moreover, due to the increasing frequency of computer and television use, many middle-aged and elderly people have presbyopia in advance. Therefore, you need to be extra cautious when wearing reading glasses for the first time, because wearing inappropriate reading glasses will not only fail to correct presbyopia, but also cause various side effects.

Many middle-aged and elderly people not only have simple presbyopia, but also may have astigmatism and even other eye diseases. Therefore, you must go to a regular hospital for an examination and check for other eye diseases before wearing them. Reading glasses should be tailored to your individual situation, and finished glasses are only suitable for customers with the same degree of both eyes and no astigmatism, and the pupil distance of the finished glasses is fixed. Therefore, before wearing glasses, you must go to a regular ophthalmology hospital for optometry and pupil distance measurement to ensure the best visual effect after wearing them.

 

How to choose frames and lenses for myopia? What should be paid attention to when wearing glasses for high myopia?

Frame selection: A good pair of frames should be made of stable, safe, reliable, and skin-friendly materials, and should be light, strong, and non-deformed. Choose from the perspective of the practicality of the frame. Choose frames according to vision conditions and uses.

Wearing time

If the glasses are used for long-term wear, other conditions can be appropriately relaxed and lighter frames can be selected to reduce wearing fatigue. If the glasses are only worn when reading, watching TV, and other concentrated eye conditions, the frames can be selected completely according to personal needs.

Vision conditions

People with high myopia should not choose semi-frame and frameless frames, because the thicker lenses are not only unsightly but also easily damaged when paired with frameless frames. People with high astigmatism should not choose frameless frames, because the lenses paired with frameless frames will have the problem of astigmatism axis displacement after long-term use, which will cause the objects viewed to deform.

The geometric center distance of the frame is close to the pupil distance of the glasses

Since the geometric center distance of most frames is greater than the pupil distance of the human eye, in many cases the temporal edge of the lens is obviously thicker than the nasal edge, and the temporal edge of the lens is exactly the place that is most easily observed by outsiders. The thickness of the lens of myopia glasses is mainly reflected in the horizontal direction of the frame glasses, so it is necessary to choose a frame with a geometric center distance close to the pupil distance of the glasses. This not only makes the nose and temporal edges of the lens close, but also effectively reduces the thickness of the temporal edge of the lens and improves the appearance.

Choose according to face shape

Based on the shape and contour of the face, most people's faces can be divided into 7 basic shapes, namely round, oval, square, triangle with base below, triangle with base above, rectangle and rhombus.

Specific needs

If the purpose of fitting glasses is largely for the need to match the image and the occasions. At the same time, if the vision condition does not restrict the frame, you can choose according to your specific needs. People who often engage in large-scale physical activities and sports should choose frames made of plastic steel materials with more compact frames and better impact resistance to reduce the chance of glasses being damaged due to accidental falls.

People who are busy at work and often travel can choose frames made of memory materials to avoid deformation and damage caused by frequent wearing and removing, throwing and placing, or being broken or crushed due to improper placement when taking a train or plane.

Students wearing glasses

You need to have an eye test first. According to the degree of eye test and pupil distance, choose a suitable frame. Try to choose a lighter frame that does not put pressure on the bridge of the nose. Primary school students should try to choose full-frame glasses, which are safer and provide better protection for the lenses. Do not choose frameless glasses. The structure of frameless glasses is to fix the lenses with screws. If they are subjected to external force, the lenses are easy to break and may cause damage to the eyes. Primary school students often exercise. If they are not careful, it will be very unsafe if the glasses are damaged.

Elderly people wearing glasses

Reading glasses are a common item for many middle-aged and elderly people. It is the best "weapon" to deal with dizziness, but many people in life do not pay much attention to it. They just buy a pair of them at night market stalls or farmers' markets. , reading glasses cannot be worn casually. The reading glasses sold on the street stalls are not tailor-made according to the degree of presbyopia of people. The degrees of the left and right eyes are the same, and the pupil distance is fixed. However, many people with presbyopia have different degrees of left and right eyes, and there are problems such as astigmatism. It feels okay to wear them at the time, but it is easy to have a series of problems such as dizziness, sore eyes, and decreased vision after wearing them for a long time. At the same time, unclear vision is not necessarily presbyopia. The early symptoms of many eye diseases are very similar to presbyopia. If presbyopia symptoms occur, you must first check your vision and fundus examination with an optometrist.

Beware of complications of high myopia!

Generally, myopia will no longer develop after adulthood, and the degree will gradually stabilize. Those who continue to develop after the age of 25 are called progressive myopia. I have come into contact with many high-degree customers, and I really understand their inconvenience and pain. Surgical recovery is often not feasible. The higher the degree, the greater the risk. There is still a large number of high-degree patients who cannot undergo myopia surgery. You can consider lens implantation, preferably only one eye, to reduce the risk! Almost all high myopia eyes have an increase in the axial length of the eye and a significant thinning of the sclera at the posterior pole of the eyeball. The main pathological changes are atrophy and thinning of the retina and choroid, which worsen year by year. Therefore, many serious complications may occur, some of which may cause blindness. It is the sixth leading cause of blindness in my country. Its main complications include retinal detachment, cataracts, glaucoma, vitreous opacity, etc. Therefore, friends with high myopia should pay special attention to avoid severe head concussion and impact to reduce the possibility of retinal detachment, and have regular fundus examinations and vision tests every year! 

 

How to properly maintain the lenses

For myopic friends, the most troublesome thing is the maintenance of glasses, especially the lenses. If the lenses are infected with bacteria, it may cause inflammation of the eyes during the wearing process. If you find that the glasses are dirty, you should immediately maintain them. So how should you maintain the lenses?

First, clean the lenses. If you find that the lenses are dirty or dusty, do not wipe them with the corners of clothes, because ordinary fabrics will scratch the lenses. You can rinse them with clean water and then use a paper towel to absorb the water droplets. It is best to use professional lens care solution for cleaning.

Second, the placement and storage of lenses. It is best to put the lenses of the glasses facing up and put them in a cool place. If the lenses are placed facing down, the lenses will be scratched, and the lenses will be easily deformed under long-term high temperatures. Also be careful not to put the glasses together with corrosive items. If you do not wear them for a long time, you should wrap them with a glasses cloth and put them in a special glasses box. This is also to avoid scratches on the lenses.

Finally, when wearing glasses, whether they are contact lenses or framed ones, do not look directly at the sun as this will damage your eyes. Also, if there are scratches on the lenses, it is not recommended to wear them as this will reduce your vision.

 

About photochromic lenses

Who is not suitable to wear photochromic lenses

If people with high myopia wear photochromic glasses, their vision is poor, and the photochromic lenses will inevitably make it difficult to see things, and they are prone to visual fatigue. Therefore, such people should not wear photochromic glasses.

Myopia with astigmatism, and those with a corrected vision of less than 1.0 should not wear photochromic glasses. People with myopia and astigmatism must see things clearly under bright light. After wearing photochromic lenses, due to the dim light, the pupils will dilate accordingly, causing a narrow anterior chamber angle, resulting in poor drainage of aqueous humor, which can easily induce glaucoma over time.

People with cataracts, glaucoma and other diseases may worsen their condition if they wear photochromic lenses, so they should not wear photochromic glasses.

What are photochromic lenses?

Photochromic lenses are also called "photosensitive lenses". Because silver halide chemicals are added to the lenses, the originally transparent and colorless lenses will become colored lenses when exposed to strong light for protection, so they are suitable for both indoor and outdoor use.

Photochromic lenses are made of optical glass containing silver halide microcrystals. According to the principle of reversible reaction of light and color, they can quickly darken under sunlight and ultraviolet rays, completely absorb ultraviolet rays, and neutrally absorb visible light; when they return to the dark, they can quickly return to colorless and transparent.

Because the added silver halide and copper oxide have been integrated with the optical glass, photochromic glasses can change color repeatedly. Long-term use can not only protect the eyes from strong light stimulation, but also play a role in correcting vision.

Photochromic lenses are mainly used in open fields, snowy areas, and indoor workplaces with strong light sources to prevent damage to the eyes caused by sunlight, ultraviolet light, and glare.

In simple terms, under strong light, the silver halide inside changes to black silver particles when exposed to light.

Classification of photochromic lenses

When choosing photochromic glasses, the functional characteristics of the lenses, the purpose of the glasses, and personal requirements for color are mainly considered. Photochromic lenses can also be made to change to multiple colors, such as gray and brown.

1. Gray lenses: They can absorb infrared rays and 98% of ultraviolet rays. The biggest advantage of gray lenses is that the original color of the scenery will not be changed by the lenses, and the most satisfying thing is that it can effectively reduce the light intensity. Gray lenses can absorb any color spectrum evenly, so the scenery will only become darker, but there will be no obvious color difference, showing a real and natural feeling. It belongs to the neutral color system and is suitable for all people.

2. Pink lenses: This is a very common color. It can absorb 95% of ultraviolet rays. If it is used as glasses for vision correction, women who must wear it frequently should choose light red lenses, because light red lenses have better absorption function for ultraviolet rays and can reduce the overall light intensity, so the wearer will feel more comfortable

3. Light purple lenses: Like pink lenses, because of their relatively dark color, they are more popular among mature women.

4. Brown lenses: They can absorb 100% of ultraviolet rays. Brown lenses can filter out a lot of blue light, which can improve visual contrast and clarity, so they are very popular with wearers. Especially in severe air pollution or foggy conditions, the wearing effect is better. Generally, it can block the reflected light from smooth and bright surfaces, and the wearer can still see the subtle parts clearly, which is an ideal choice for drivers. For middle-aged and elderly people with high vision above 600 degrees, it can be given priority.

5. Light blue lenses: You can wear solar blue lenses when playing on the beach. Blue can effectively filter out the light blue reflected by the sea and the sky. You should avoid using blue lenses when driving, because it will make us unable to distinguish the color of traffic signals.

6. Green lenses: Green lenses can effectively absorb infrared light and 99% of ultraviolet rays like gray lenses. While absorbing light, it maximizes the amount of green light reaching the eyes, so it feels cool and comfortable, suitable for people with easily fatigued eyes.

7. Yellow lenses: It can absorb 100% of ultraviolet rays, and allow infrared rays and 83% of visible light to penetrate the lenses. The biggest feature of yellow lenses is that they absorb most of the blue light. Because when sunlight shines through the atmosphere, it is mainly expressed as blue light (this explains why the sky is blue). Yellow lenses absorb blue light and can make natural scenes clearer. Therefore, yellow lenses are often used as filters or used by hunters when hunting. Strictly speaking, this type of lens does not belong to sun lenses because it hardly reduces visible light, but in foggy and dusk hours, yellow lenses can increase contrast and provide more accurate vision, so they are also called night vision goggles. Some young people wear yellow lens "sunglasses" as decoration, which is a choice for patients with glaucoma and those who need to improve visual brightness.

With the needs of modern life, the role of colored glasses is no longer just to protect the eyes, it is also a work of art. A pair of suitable colored glasses, matched with suitable clothing, can set off a person's extraordinary temperament.

 

What to eat is good for our eyesight.

Eating more hard food is good for eyesight: eyesight is regulated by the lens, which is equivalent to the lens, according to the activity of the choroid tissue. If the facial muscles are not fully developed, it will affect the eyesight. With the appearance of food softening tendency, children's jaws are less and less developed. Due to the lack of proper exercise of teeth, the teeth are not arranged neatly and the upper and lower teeth are not in good occlusion. If you do not chew for a long time in your daily diet and living habits, the facial muscles will gradually weaken, and the adjustment function of the crystal body will not work well. Therefore, encouraging children to eat some hard food can strengthen the exercise of their jaws.

Protein: Lack of protein can easily fatigue the eyesight. Protein is the main component of cells. Children should take in enough protein, especially animal protein. Lean meat, poultry, animal offal, fish and shrimp, milk, eggs, beans, etc. contain protein.

Vitamin A: Foods containing vitamin A are also good for the eyes. When vitamin A is lacking, the eyes' ability to adapt to the dark environment is reduced, and in severe cases, they are prone to night blindness. Vitamin A can also prevent and treat dry eye disease. The best sources of vitamin A are livers of various animals, cod liver oil, milk and eggs, plant foods such as carrots, amaranth, spinach, leeks, green peppers, red sweet potatoes, and fruits such as oranges, apricots, and persimmons.

Vitamin C: It is one of the components of the lens of the eye. If you lack vitamin C, you are prone to cataracts with cloudy lenses. Various fresh vegetables and fruits, especially green peppers, cucumbers, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, fresh dates, raw pears, oranges, etc. have the highest vitamin C content.

Rich calcium powder: It is also good for the eyes. Calcium has the effect of eliminating eye tension. For example, beans, green leafy vegetables, and shrimp skin are rich in calcium. Cooking methods such as roasted pork ribs soup and sweet and sour pork ribs can increase the absorption of calcium.

Vitamin B1: Vitamin B1 is one of the nutritional sources of the visual nerve. Insufficient vitamin B1 will cause eye fatigue; insufficient vitamin B2 will easily cause keratitis. Children with this problem can eat more sesame, soybeans, fresh milk, malt and other foods.Wolfberry: It has the effect of clearing the liver and improving eyesight, and is good for the eyes. Wolfberry is rich in carotene, vitamins A, B1, B2, C, calcium, iron, etc., and is a nutrient for the eyes.Bad eating habits can damage our eyesight, and correspondingly, choosing the right food can also help us maintain our eyesight. Do you remember it?

 

About astigmatism

Symptoms of astigmatism: Astigmatism is an abnormal refractive performance of the eye, which is related to the curvature of the cornea. Some people's corneas are more curved in a certain angle area, while other angle areas are flatter. The cause of astigmatism is that the uneven thickness of the cornea or the uneven curvature of the cornea makes the refractive rates of the corneal meridians inconsistent, so that the light passing through these meridians cannot be concentrated at the same focus, and the light cannot be accurately focused on the retina to form a clear image. This situation is called astigmatism.

See if you have astigmatism?

1. Blurred vision

Blurred vision is closely related to the degree and mode of astigmatism. People with mild astigmatism usually have normal vision, but they may experience headaches, eye fatigue and blurred vision when looking at objects at a certain distance. People with severe astigmatism have unclear and distorted vision. They can't see clearly at a distance or near. If they work at close range for a long time, their eyes will swell and have headaches, and they will read or have double images.

2. Visual fatigue

The blurred image on the retina requires constant fine adjustment, and the vision is distorted, so astigmatism, especially hyperopic astigmatism, is prone to visual fatigue. Young people with compound hyperopic astigmatism can often use adjustment to compensate, and according to the degree of adjustment, pseudo-simple hyperopic astigmatism, pseudo-simple myopic astigmatism or pseudo-compound myopic astigmatism can be formed.

3. Deviation from normal head and eye position

People with highly asymmetric astigmatism in both eyes often take a tilted head position to see more clearly, resulting in strabismus, which can be restored after astigmatism correction. People with high astigmatism often squint when looking at distant targets, achieving the effect of pinholes and slits to improve vision. Looking through pinholes or slits can reduce the impact of astigmatism on vision.

 

What causes eye pain?

What causes eye pain? Computer users are most likely to have eye pain. What causes eye pain? Excessive use of eyes, foreign objects in the eyes, and glaucoma can all cause eye pain. For computer users and white-collar workers, using computers is the most basic work skill, but this causes eye muscle fatigue. What should I do if my eyes hurt?

Eye pain and eye fatigue can be divided into accommodative eye fatigue, muscle eye fatigue, and neurological eye fatigue. The first two conditions may cause myopia, aggravated myopia, astigmatism, or presbyopia with different degrees in the left and right eyes. Secondly, eye pain may also be caused by staying up late and drinking a lot of alcohol, causing eye congestion and pain.

1. The simplest and most convenient method - cold compress, hot compress, artificial tears, eyewash, etc. Although this method is simple and convenient and suitable for office workers to use to improve the symptoms of eye pain, it takes some time to eliminate the pain.

2. Pain caused by dry eyes. It is best to apply a bag of crushed ice or ice cubes to the eyes for 5 minutes every 2 hours, or take out the contents of an egg just taken out of the refrigerator, and the remaining eggshell can be used to apply to the eyes. Alternatively, you can use artificial tears or shed tears to relieve dry eyes. However, artificial tears should not be used indiscriminately. The best way is to cry.

3. Press the eyeball to relieve eye pain. Close your eyes, touch the eyeball with the fingertips of the index, middle and ring fingers of both hands, press gently or rotate slowly and gently, but not too hard. 1-2 times a day, 20 seconds each time can relieve the symptoms of eye muscle fatigue and eye pain of computer users.

4. Massage the forehead. Eye pain often causes headaches, which is the case of eye pain reflected on the forehead. Therefore, use 3 fingers on each hand to massage from the center of the forehead to the temples on both sides in a circular motion, and press hard with the thumb, especially when you encounter pain, you should massage harder. This will make the eyes under the eyelids feel soothed. Do it twice a day, repeat 3-5 times each time.

 

Scholars from the University of Georgia in the United States remind people of the dangers of overdrawing their lives. They point out that overwork can lead to serious consequences and easily cause problems such as depression, fatigue, low mood and decreased immunity. So where is the fine line between completing work and being a workaholic? Russian media has listed 5 manifestations of overwork for you. If you have gradually become a workaholic, please pay attention to moderate rest and ensure your health.

1. Feeling guilty about vacation

If you think that time outside of work is wasted and you sigh for it, then you are "shot", which obviously proves that you are a workaholic. Research by German scholars also shows that those who take a full rest after work are much more efficient than those who don't rest.

2. Not having enough time to do the work originally planned

You may think that there is plenty of time during the day and you have time to do everything, but this is just an illusion. Scholars have shown that the longer people work, the less likely they are to complete their plans because they don't allocate time reasonably. And making a list can help change this situation. It is recommended that you develop the habit of making a list every morning and don't switch to another thing without completing the planned work.

3. Severe vision loss

Deteriorating vision is the first sign of overloaded work. Doing eye exercises, taking a walk during lunch break, and not working overtime after work are all practical ways to ensure good health.

4. Family members start to complain

Your wife complains that you missed dinner time, but you often ignore her complaints. But what if these complaints are correct? Have you completely forgotten that you still play the role of husband, father and pillar of the family?

5. Be the last one to leave work

If you are still working overtime after get off work, it means that you have not completed the tasks entrusted to you within 8 hours of work. This either means that your workload is really too heavy or that you are not using your working time effectively.

 

The above is some knowledge about glasses, including the materials of glasses, the advantages and disadvantages of glasses of various materials, the lenses of glasses, as well as knowledge of optometry and frame selection. I hope it will be helpful to you.